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Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World:Issues and Opportunities
作者
:
出版日期
:
2014
閱讀格式
:
PDF
ISBN
:
9789629372293
- Foreword
- Acknowledgments
- About the author
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Part I Introduction
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1. Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World:Introduction(Avnita LAKHANI)
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1. Background and Definitions
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2. Real World Implications to Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World
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3. The Contribution of this Book to Advancing the Field of Commercial Law
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4. Contents of This Book
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5. Conclusion
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Part II Virtual Commercial Transactions—Industry Perspective and Issues
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2. The Nature of the Virtual Industry Today:Issues and Recommendations(Jonathan Ying Kit TONG)
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1. Introduction
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2. Virtual World Industry
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3. Issues in the Virtual World Industry
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4. Practice of Other Countries
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5. Suggestions
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6. Conclusion
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3. Virtual Commercial Transactions:A Multi-Jurisdiction Industry Perspective(Bobo Po Wan CHEUNG)
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1. Introduction to the Virtual World
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2. Virtual Commercial Transactions
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3. The Industry Perspective
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4. Multi-Jurisdiction Perspective
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5. Issues Arising out of Virtual Commercial Transactions
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6. Conclusion
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Part III The Nature of “Goods” in the Virtual World
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4. The Nature of “Goods” and the Bundle of Property Rights in the Virtual World(Kwan Yee CHEUNG)
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1. Introduction
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2. The Concept of Virtual Property
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3. The Current Relationship between Virtual World Providers and Participants
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4. Analysis of the EULAs
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5. Conclusion
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5. Legal Protection for Virtual Property Rights:Rationale,Obstacles and Proposals(Lawrence Ka-yeung LAU)
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1. Introduction
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2. Nature of Virtual Goods
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3. Virtual Property Rights Defined
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4. Real World Economic Profits for Users
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5. Effect of End-User-License-Agreements on Virtual Property
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6. Theories Justifying Virtual Property Rights
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7. Potential Economic Losses to Users
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8. Existing Regulatory Models for Virtual Property Rights
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9. Alternative Proposal: Developer’s Recognition
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10. Conclusion
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6. The Nature of “Goods” in the Virtual World:Arguing for Recognition of Real Property Rightsin Virtual Goods(Elke Ngai Ki LAU)
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1. Introduction
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2. What is a “Virtual” World
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3. What Are “Goods” in the Virtual World
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4. Whether Virtual Goods Should Attain Real Property Rights as Real World Goods
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5. Conclusion
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7. Massively-Multiplayer Online Role Playing Games and Ownership of Virtual Property:A Multi-Jurisdiction Perspective(Matthew Sin Lun MOK)
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1. Introduction
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2. The Virtual World
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3. Why Do Participants Need Property Rights?
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4. Who Owns Virtual Property?
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5. What Is Virtual Property?
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6. Multi-Jurisdictional Perspectives on Virtual Property
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7. Conclusion
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8. Nature of Virtual Goods in a Virtual World:Ownership Possession or Nothing?(Michelle Wing Chi AU)
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1. Introduction
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2. Overview of Virtual Worlds
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3. Goods Found in the Virtual World
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4. Who Should Own Property Rights Attached to Virtual Property
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5. Why Virtual World Creators Should Retain the Property Rights
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6. Conclusion
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Part IV Sale of Goods/Services Contract in the Virtual World
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9. Improbable Real Sale of Virtual Goods Felix Chin Kiu CHEUNG
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1. Introduction
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2. Overview of the Two Virtual Worlds
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3. Nature of Virtual Items
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4. Nature of the Transactions
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5. Reversed Offer and Acceptance
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6. Users’ Tolerance of Breach and Denial of Liability
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7. Users’ Expectation of Remedies
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8. Supply of Service Contract
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9. Conclusion
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10. Application of Real World Laws to Virtual World Sale of Goods and Services Contracts(Ken Wai Kin TANG)
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1. Introduction to Virtual Commercial Worlds
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2. Definition of Virtual Commercial Worlds
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3. Operation of Virtual Commercial Worlds
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4. Relationship between Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World versus the Real World
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5. Forms of Virtual World Transactions
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6. Potential Problems Arising from Application of Real World Laws Rules and Regulations to Virtual World Commercial Transactions;and Possible Solutions
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7. Conclusion
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11. Redefining the “Sale of Goods Contract”in the Virtual World: A US Legal Perspective(Darren Tak Long PO)
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1. Introduction
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2. Property Rights in Virtual Worlds
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3. Transactions of Virtual Items are “Licenses,”Not Sales
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4. Enforceability of Contracts between Users
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5. Future of Virtual Goods Transactions
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6. Conclusion
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Part V Transfer of Property and Risk in the Virtual World
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12. Transfer of Risk in Real World Commercial Transactions and Its Application to Virtual Transactions(Cybele Cin Cam LO)
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1. Introduction
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2. Transfer of Risk
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3. Virtual Property and Legal Property
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4. Applying Real World Rules to Virtual Worlds
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5. Beyond Contract Law
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6. Reducing Risk
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7. Conclusion
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13. Transfer of Property and Risk in the Virtual World:Challenges to the Current Legal Framework(Winnie Wing Yee CHUNG)
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1. Introduction
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2. Commercial Transactions in the Virtual World
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3. Transfer of Property
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4. Transfer of Risk
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5. Positions in the United Kingdom and the United States
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6. Possibility of the Formation of New Rules
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7. Conclusion
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Part VI Payment Methods and Issues in Virtual World Transactions
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14. Payment Methods and Issues in Virtual World Commercial Transactions Sherwin Chiu Wing YAM
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1. Introduction: The Existence of Virtual World
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2. Second Life’s Economy in the Virtual World Setting
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3. Hidden Risks Related to Payments in Virtual World Commercial Transactions
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4. How Virtual World Transactions are Made via Various Payment Methods
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5. Payment Methods Used in E-Commerce Dominates Virtual World Transactions
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6. Differences and Similarities of Payment Methods between Real and Virtual World
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7. Possible Obstacles in Enforcing Payments in Virtual Transactions
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8. Conclusion
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15. Supervising Economic Transactions and Payments in the Virtual World: An Asia-Pacific Perspective(Raymond SIN)
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1. Introduction
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2. General Description of Virtual Worlds
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3. Payment Methods in Virtual World Transactions
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4. Comparative Analysis of Real World Regulation of Virtual World Economic Transactions
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5. Conclusion
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Part VII Remedies for Buyer/Seller in the Virtual World
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16. Remedies Available for Buyers and Sellers in Virtual Commercial Transactions(Austin YIU)
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1. Introduction
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2. The Nature of Virtual Worlds and Goods
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3. Contractual Remedies
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4. Intangible Remedies
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5. Self-Help and Public Law
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6. Conclusion
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17. Second Life Second Remedies(Anita JAY)
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1. Introduction
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2. Absence of and Need for Regulation and Remedies
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3. Applicability and Practicality of Hong Kong Sale of Goods Ordinance
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4. Applicability of Seller’s Remedies under Hong Kong Sale of Goods Ordinance
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5. Applicability of Buyer’s Remedies under Hong Kong Sale of Goods Ordinance
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6. Additional Remedies for Consumers
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7. Conclusion: A Proposed Way Forward
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Part VIII Use of Real and Quasi Securities in the Virtual World Transactions
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18. Real and Quasi Security in Virtual World Transactions:Charting New Reforms in Law for a New Reality(Brian Man Ho CHOK)
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1. Introduction
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2. Definitions and Types of Real Security
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3. Definitions and Types of Quasi-Security
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4. Virtual Worlds
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5. The Nature and Characteristics of Virtual Property and the Suitability of Real and Quasi Security
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6. Implications
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7. Conclusion
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19. Taking Security over Virtual Assets: Is It Really Practical?(Leo Lut Pong YAU)
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1. Introduction
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2. What is Security and Quasi-security?
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3. The Virtual World
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4. Whether the Concept of Security Is Applicable in the Virtual World
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5. Challenges of Applying the Law of Security to Virtual World Transactions
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6. Conclusion
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20. Securing Virtual World Debts via Real and Quasi Security:Challenges and Potential Solutions(Karolina LARSSON)
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1. Introduction
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2. Entering the Virtual World
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3. The Virtual Banking Crisis
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4. Security Interests
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5. Recognition of Virtual Property Rights
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6. A Uniform Law for Virtual Transactions
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7. Conclusion
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Part IX Money Lending and Banking Virtual World
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21. The Regulation of Banks and Money Lending Activities in the Virtual World(Joyce Yuk Han LIANG)
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1. Introduction
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2. Licensing and Deposit Protection Scheme
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3. Requirement on the Financial Standing of a Bank
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4. Background of the Shareholders of the Bank
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5. Due Diligence Requirements on Customers to Prevent Money Laundering
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6. Restricted Use of the Name “Bank” and Excessive Interest Rates
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7. Legal Charge on Property for Bank Financing
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8. Conclusion
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Part X Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions
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22. The Applicability of Real World Laws in Protecting Consumers of Virtual World Transactions:An Analysis of Hong Kong and the United States(Michael Ka Hei LAU)
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1. Introduction
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2. The Virtual Landscape and In-world Items
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3. In-world Consumer Protection
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4. Underlying Problem — Unconscionability
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5. Hong Kong Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions
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6. US Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions
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7. Other Possible Consumer Protections
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8. The Ultimate Goal
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9. Conclusion
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23. Consumer Protection in Virtual World Transactions:Are Players-Consumers Adequately Protected under the Current Regimes of Property Law and Contract Law?(Silvia Kin-man TANG)
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1. Introduction
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2. Virtual Worlds
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3. Relevance of Real World Laws to Virtual Commercial Transactions
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4. The Practical Way Out:Consumer Protection Law
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5. Conclusion
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24. Virtual World EULAs and Transactions:Consumer Friendly or Void of Consumer Protection?(Vimal Deepak SADHWANI)
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1. Introduction
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2. Consumer Protection or the Lack of It?
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3. Consumer Protection in the Real World:A Comparison of Jurisdictions
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4. Consumer Friendly Proposals for Virtual Worlds
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5. Conclusion
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25. EULAs vs. Consumer Rights and Protections in Virtual World Commercial Transactions:Finding a Healthy Balance(Mitchell Kwun Yin LI)
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1. Introduction
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2. Introduction of Virtual Worlds
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3. Consumer Rights under Standard Form Contracts
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4. Risks in Virtual World Commercial Transactions
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5. Legal Protection
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6. Recommendations
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7. Conclusion
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Part XI Dispute Resolution/ADR in the Virtual World
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26. Operators vs. Users:A Comparative Analysis of the Use of ADR in Virtual World Disputes(Carol Yan Lin CHOW)
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1. Introduction
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2. Virtual Worlds and Their Commercial Significance
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3. Alternate Dispute Resolution Provisions in Virtual World EULAs
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4. Practical Examination of Virtual World Disputes in the Real World
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5. A Virtual World Dispute Resolution System
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6. Conclusion
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27. Resolving Disputes of the Virtual World:An Analysis of Jurisdiction and ADR(Timothy Lok Tim HO)
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1. Introduction
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2. Background and Definitions
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3. Application of Arbitration in the Virtual World
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4. Problems of ADR in the Virtual World
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5. Availability of ODR in the Virtual World
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6. Conclusion
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28. Avatar vs Avatar Disputes: The Future for Arbitration in the Virtual World(Elaine Yuet Ling YUEN)
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1. Introduction
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2. The Virtual Worlds
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3. Avatar–Avatar Disputes in the Virtual World
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4. The Development of Virtual Arbitration
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5. The Future of Arbitration in the Virtual World
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6. Conclusion
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29. Application of ADR and ODR to the Virtual World:The Quest for Best Practices and Solutions(Camilla VENANZI)
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1. Introduction
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2. Virtual Worlds and Definitions
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3. ADR and ODR
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4. Evaluation of ODR
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5. Other ODR mechanisms the Role of the Courts and Suggested Improvements to Current ODR Systems
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6. Conclusion
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